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Crotalaria pallida

Aiton (1789)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Crotalaria

kolomona (Ni‘ihau via St. John), pikakani, smooth rattle pod, smooth rattlepod

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial herbs or subshrubs.

Stems: Stems ascending or erect, 10–20 dm long, striate, glabrous or appressed short–pubescent, taproot with slender branches, nodules often present.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound (trifoliate). Alternate. Leaflets elliptic, ovate, or oblanceolate, 2.8–9.5 cm long, 1.2–4.5 cm wide. Apex rounded to acute, occasionally retuse. Base cuneate or rounded. Upper surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent; lower surfaces appressed short–pubescent. Margins entire. Veins 6–12 on each side of midvein. Petioles 22–67 mm long. Stipules absent or minute and narrowly triangular, ca. 1 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers in racemes, flowers 9–15 mm long, 22–75 in terminal, somewhat lax inflorescences, rachis 15–40 cm long (incl. peduncle), bracts linear–triangular, 3–4 mm long, ascending, caducous. Flowers papilionaceous; bracteoles at base of calyx, narrowly triangular. Calyx densely appressed short–pubescent, the tube 3–4 mm long, the lobes 3.5–4.5 mm long, lateral lobes distinct at apex. Calyx slightly bilabiate, the lobes shorter than to longer than the tube. Petals yellow with lines near base, standard 9–12 mm long, 7–9 mm wide, striate, wings oblong–obovate, 6–10 mm long, 2.8–3.8 mm wide, keel petals striate, with non twisted prolonged beak, margins ciliate. Stamens 10, connate into a tube, the tube split at least at base on the upper side; anthers dimorphic, alternately long (and basifixed) and short (and versatile). Elongated anthers 2.5–3.2 mm long, short ones 0.5–0.8 mm long. Ovary superior.

Fruit: Pods brown at maturity; 3.5–3.8 cm long; stipitate; stipe less than 3 mm long; glabrous or sparsely appressed short–pubescent. Seeds ca. 36 per pod; brown; up to 2.8 mm long; smooth.

Ploidy: 2n = 14; 16

Habitat: Disturbed sites such as pastures; waste ground; and roadsides.

Elevation Range: 5–1,070 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Hort. Kew. 3: 20 (1789)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:661 (Mi, K, O, Mo, L, M, H); Wood 2007:15 (Le); Wichman & St. John 1990:95 (Ni, observed but uncollected); Starr & Starr 2008 (Mi†, 1999); Degener 30297 BISH (L†, 1963)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Crotalaria pallida West Maui, Iao Valley, 1/2 mi. E of Needle Preserved_Specimen 3' shrub Henrickson, J.S. 3959 Maui BISH 1969-07-21
2 Crotalaria pallida Konahuanui Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Oahu BISH 1909-11-07
3 Crotalaria pallida Pohakea Trail Preserved_Specimen Bennett, T. 400 Oahu BISH 1982-05-27
4 Crotalaria pallida Palawai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 374 Lanai BISH 1928-07-01
5 Crotalaria pallida Palawai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 297 Lanai BISH 1928-02-09
6 Crotalaria pallida Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. 1083 Hawaii BISH 1908-02-26
7 Crotalaria pallida West Maui, Kahakuloa Preserved_Specimen Handy, E.S. 34.12 Maui BISH 1934-06-04
8 Crotalaria pallida Lanai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 219 Lanai BISH 1913-11-12
9 Crotalaria pallida Makiki - Tantlus trail, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 376 Oahu BISH 1920-04-18
10 Crotalaria pallida Koko Crater Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 19 Oahu BISH 1930-11-20
11 Crotalaria pallida Kalihi Valley, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 174 Oahu BISH 1908-11-11
12 Crotalaria pallida Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1627 Oahu BISH 1911-01-04
13 Crotalaria pallida Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Yoshinaga, E.K. Oahu BISH 1929-12-29
14 Crotalaria pallida Off Laie; Kukuihoolua islet Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1938-08-01
15 Crotalaria pallida Punchbowl Oahu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-03-27
16 Crotalaria pallida Punchbowl Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-03-27
17 Crotalaria pallida Punchbowl Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-03-27
18 Crotalaria pallida Kaawaloa Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Hawaii BISH 1985-09-05
19 Crotalaria pallida Kaluiwaa Valley Preserved_Specimen 177 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
20 Crotalaria pallida Molokai Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Molokai BISH 1909-01-01
21 Crotalaria pallida Kaliuwaa Valley Board of Agriculture & Forestry, Territory of Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 176 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
22 Crotalaria pallida unknown Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. BISH 1864-01-01
23 Crotalaria pallida Lihue Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 485 Kauai BISH 1916-10-04
24 Crotalaria pallida Pia Valley Eroded bare path surrounded by Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Megathyrsus maximus, Schefflera actinophylla, Psidium cattleianum, Metrosideros polymorpha, Leptecophylla tameiameiae Preserved_Specimen Yellow flowers, green pods drying to brown, slightly woody stem, 1-2 m tall, fairly common in area. Arthur, K. 2024002 Oahu BISH 2024-11-19
25 Crotalaria pallida Ahihi-Kinau Natural Area Reserve, Makena-Keoneoio road Pockets of vegetation in a'a lava and at roadside. Preserved_Specimen Abbott, I.A. 91.65 Maui BISH 1991-03-06
26 Crotalaria pallida East Maui, 3.7 mi e of Manawainui, Piilani Hwy rocky, dry streambed; with Prosopis pallida, Leucaena leucocephala Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4748 Maui BISH 1983-01-14
27 Crotalaria pallida University of Hawaii, Honolulu Rattle box Preserved_Specimen Dry region Inafuku, R. Oahu BISH 1931-03-10
28 Crotalaria pallida Milolii Valley, Na Pali Coast In a closed Leucaena leucocephala scrub forest with a Plumbago zeylanica understory. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. 397 Kauai BISH 1979-07-19
29 Crotalaria pallida Kalena, Waianae Lantana grove Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7443 Oahu BISH 1934-09-30
30 Crotalaria pallida Keopuka Lands, Captain Cook. Very hot, rocky area. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1991-11-12
31 Crotalaria pallida Waipio weed in deserted pineapple field Preserved_Specimen Shrub ~4', flowers yellow with brown stripes, pod smooth, yellow-brown when mature, inflated Herbst, D.R. 692 Oahu BISH 1967-11-08
32 Crotalaria pallida W Maui, Lahaina District, Lihau Lowland Dry Forest at 1500 ft in a gulch on the south side of Lihau, on the slopes are Erythrina Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1392 Maui BISH 1991-11-27
33 Crotalaria pallida Kau District. Along Puna coast trail at ca.30 m. In Kipuka Among grasses. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 881 Hawaii BISH 1974-07-01
34 Crotalaria pallida old Rail Road Ave. in between Upper Nanawale Forest Reserse and Lower Nanawale Forest Reserve Roadside vegetation found in association with Stachytarpheta, Setaria and Desmodium. Preserved_Specimen Plant height .7 - .1 m. Flowers yellow with red veination. Croft, L.K. 790041 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-28
35 Crotalaria pallida Waipio, Kipapa Gulch moderately moist pineapple field Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 424 Oahu BISH 1931-06-18
36 Crotalaria pallida Oahu Shape of Koko Crater, Maunalua, 3.3 m.shrub. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10405 Oahu BISH 1930-02-28
37 Crotalaria pallida Along road near the Sacred Falls Trail In abandoned sugar cane fields. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1978-05-09
38 Crotalaria pallida Upper Makakilo, adjacent to developed subdivision at end of Pueonani Street Dry alien slope dominated by aliens: Panicum maximum, Acacia farnesiana, Hyptis pectinacea, some Santalum ellipticum, Dodonaea viscosa. Preserved_Specimen Upright herb with yellow flowers. Imada, C. 200423 Oahu BISH 2004-03-02
39 Crotalaria pallida BYU-H Hillside, Laie Relatively common Preserved_Specimen 3 leaflets, blade ovate oblong, smooth above . Terminal & lateral racene each with 20 to 50 small pea-like flowers; pods 1.25-2.0 in. long Tiu, C. 15 Oahu BISH 1975-03-08
40 Crotalaria pallida BYU-HC Farm A common weed in pastures and cultivated area. Preserved_Specimen Slightly shrubby plant, 2 to 4 feet high. Native to India. Betham, R.F. 8 Oahu BISH 1980-10-12
41 Crotalaria pallida Kahana Valley Project. Along the bank of Kam Hwy., near boat launch and parking area Common weed exposed to the sea breeze. Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 176 Oahu BISH 1972-08-17
42 Crotalaria pallida on cain road 1 mi S. of Laie Temple native to India, but nat. in most Preserved_Specimen Erect suffrutescent 6-15 dm. high. Tropical countries. Lee, W. Oahu BISH 1967-06-20
43 Crotalaria pallida Kea`au, Hwy 11 and Ikaika St. WGS84 coordinates: Lat. 19.651099, Long. - 155.052333 Rarely mowed roadside, sunny, moist. Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 1.5 meters, keel with 6 brownish streaks on each side, common over 200 plants seen in area Faccenda, K. 3283 Hawaii BISH 2024-01-06
44 Crotalaria pallida Punaluu near cane field Preserved_Specimen Nakagawa, S. Oahu BISH 1930-10-28
45 Crotalaria pallida Koolau Range, 47-285 Pulama Rd., Kaneohe, Senator Fong's Plantation and Garden with Schefflera and Schinus; lowland mesic forest Preserved_Specimen herb to 1.5 m ; flowers yellow Annable, C.R. 3031 Oahu BISH 1996-08-11
46 Crotalaria pallida East Maui, Hana District, Hana Ranch lands, pastureland mauka of Ka Iwi O Pele Open pastureland dominated by Sporobolus. Preserved_Specimen Uncommon upright herb with bright yellow flowers. Imada, C. 2002103 Maui BISH 2002-12-04
47 Crotalaria pallida outer cresent Cenchrus ciliaris, Setaria verticillata, Portulaca oleracea, Jacquemontia ovalifolia, Pluchea indica, P. carolinensis, Ageratum conyzoides, Chenopodium murale, Waltheria indica, Cenchrus echinatus, Chloris virgata Preserved_Specimen 40 cm herb; stems green or purple tinge; leaves medium green; costa yellow white; corolla yellow, keel strongly striate, purple lines Wood, K.R. 11868 Lehua Rock BISH 2006-04-30
48 Crotalaria pallida near Hanamalu flats partially filled area. Among hairy Abutilon, Sedges, Ageratum and a variety of pasture grasses. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 1004 Kauai BISH 1990-05-03
49 Crotalaria pallida Kaalualu Bay near South Point Found in grazed areas behind the bay. Preserved_Specimen Large herb up to one meter in height. Flowers yellow with red lines. Whistler, W.A. 79 Hawaii BISH 1972-04-06
50 Crotalaria pallida Waikiki, Honolulu dry vacant lot Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. Oahu BISH 1932-07-20
51 Crotalaria pallida Cane road, Kaamooloa, Waialua common weed Preserved_Specimen 3' high, Trifoliate leaves. yellow flowers in spike. Dry cylindrical pods with small seeds oead to name. Afualo, D. 3 Oahu BISH 1975-02-09
52 Crotalaria pallida Kawaihae Rd Dry gulches in dry pasture land. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Ewart III, G.R. 348 Hawaii BISH 1934-03-02
53 Crotalaria pallida Lihue District. Kipu Ranch. In the area behind the mechanics sheds more behind the sheds to the west. At the pasture boundry at the bobwire fence line. Pasture with Psidium guajava, Macaranga tanarious, Megathyrus maximus, Mangifera indica, various weedy pasture grasses, Ageratum, Sigesbeckia oreintalis Preserved_Specimen Leaves gray green on the underside blue green above three parted, pods are still immature green with slight darker color to the apex and have slight hairs, flowers are yellow with the back of the banner having red purple lateral lines. Older stems dark purple. Plant height 5 feet. Tangalin, N. 5194 Kauai BISH 2021-07-14
54 Crotalaria pallida Aiea Preserved_Specimen weed Degener, O. 10330 Oahu BISH 1936-02-16
55 Crotalaria pallida East Maui, along upper Kula Road by the Polo Arena Preserved_Specimen Plants erect to 2m tall Hobdy, R.W. 2674 Maui BISH 1987-01-05
56 Crotalaria pallida Waimanu Trail, Waimanu Valley Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6092 Oahu BISH 1969-09-13
57 Crotalaria pallida ahupuaa of Halepuaa Forest Reserve in the Puna District Found growing on the side of the old railroad. Preserved_Specimen ESP Field Crew Hawaii BISH 1979-08-15
58 Crotalaria pallida Oahu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1917-11-02
59 Crotalaria pallida Koolau Range, Waikane - Schofield Trail Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 27 Oahu BISH 1946-09-22
60 Crotalaria pallida Diamond Head Beach Preserved_Specimen fl. yellow, brown lined, grassy crater slope. St.John, H. 10526 Oahu BISH 1930-05-10
61 Crotalaria pallida Hawaii National Park. Kilauea, roadside S of Preserved_Specimen Plant woody. 2-3 ft. tall Fagerlund, G.O. 322 Hawaii BISH 1943-02-10
62 Crotalaria pallida East Maui, along upper Kula Rd. by Puukoa Preserved_Specimen Erect bush 1.7m tall Hobdy, R.W. 2675 Maui BISH 1987-01-05
63 Crotalaria pallida Kolualoa Pasture, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2656 Oahu BISH 1910-01-01
64 Crotalaria pallida Kalaupapa; Waihanau, behind dump Preserved_Specimen perennial herb or subshrub Wysong, M.L. 449 Molokai BISH 2004-11-17
65 Crotalaria pallida Lanai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 306 Lanai BISH 1913-11-12
66 Crotalaria pallida Kapohaku, near, at pump Preserved_Specimen naturalized weed at pump Degener, O. 30297 Lanai BISH 1963-08-19
67 Crotalaria pallida Waianaeuka, Waianae, and Puu Kaala Dry ground Preserved_Specimen Shizuko, V. Oahu BISH 1930-11-30
68 Crotalaria pallida Diamond Head Beach Preserved_Specimen fl. yellow, brown lined, grassy crater slope. St.John, H. 10526 Oahu BISH 1930-05-10
69 Crotalaria pallida Waipio, Kipapa Gulch moderately moist pineapple field Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 424 Oahu BISH 1931-06-18
70 Crotalaria pallida Makapuu Head Preserved_Specimen Webster, G.L. 1342 Oahu BISH 1984-03-14
71 Crotalaria pallida P.T.B.G., Lawai Valley Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow striped with dark reddish lines. Herbst, D.R. 2255 Kauai BISH 1971-12-22
72 Crotalaria pallida Maui Preserved_Specimen Pods smooth Yamada, T. Maui BISH 1962-06-04
73 Crotalaria pallida unknown Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 222 BISH 1864-01-01
74 Crotalaria pallida About 6 km from Hilina Pali going along Puu Kaoene trail Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 921 Hawaii BISH 1974-07-05
75 Crotalaria pallida Pauoa Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2071 Oahu BISH 1895-04-04
76 Crotalaria pallida East Maui, Hana District. Coastal pasture lands SE of Kauiki from Kaihalulu Bay to Ka Iwi O Pele Preserved_Specimen Common herb to four ft. Standard yellow with brownish-red veination; keep greenish-yellow with brownish-red veination; wings yellow. Flynn, T.W. 2535 Maui BISH 1987-10-22
77 Crotalaria pallida Aiea - Roadside Preserved_Specimen Forbes, A. 40 Oahu BISH 1929-08-08
78 Crotalaria pallida Diamond Head crater Preserved_Specimen shrub Christophersen, E. 1346 Oahu BISH 1930-05-11
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